The History of Gardening: A Timeline
The Eighteenth Century: 1700 - 1799

 

Noteworthy Gardens, Events, Persons, Publications, and Facts in the History of Gardening
References and Web Links Organized by Time Periods
Some Information about Agriculture, Farming, Culinary Arts, Botany, Horticulture, Technology, Arts and Crafts

Compiled by Michael P. Garofalo

March 1, 2002

 


From Ancient Times to 1600

The Seventeenth Century:  1600 - 1699

The Eighteenth Century:  1701 - 1799

The Nineteenth Century: 1800 - 1899

The Twentieth Century:  1900 - 1999

Reference Sources and Selected Links

 


Reminder: You can search the Gardening Timeline and the Spirit of Gardening website.


Search Tips and Advanced Atomz Searching Techniques for Searching the Spirit of Gardening Website

 

 

 

 

 

 

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The History of Gardening: A Timeline
The Eighteenth Century

 

 

1700

    Andre Le Notre (1613-1700)  French landscape designer for Louis XIV: Versailles, Chantilly, etc.  
    Agriculture and Food in the 18th Century:  Links

 

1701

    The first agricultural machine, the seed drill, was invented by Jethro Tull.

 

1703

    Robert Hooke   (1635-1703).   English experimental scientist and inventor. 
    Summary of 17th Century microscopy.

 

1705

    John Evelyn (1620-1705)  English writer, government official, diarist, and landscape garden expert. 
    John Ray (1628-1705)   English naturalist and theologian. 
    Cookbook of D. Petre.  Manuscript e-text.

 

1709

    Chinese Imperial Garden Yuan Ming Yuan (Garden of Perfect Brightness) near Peking.
    Rice farming culture in Georgetown, South Carolina. 

 

1711

    The Dutch Gardener, or the Complete Florist.     Van Oosten.

 

 

 

Reviews and Awards

 

 

 

1712

    La Theorie et la Pratique du Jardinage.   Dezallier d'Argenville.  French garden designer. 
            Translated and published by John James:  The Theory and Practice of Gardening. 

 

1715

    Plantae Coldenhamiae.  By Cadwallader Colden.  Descriptions of plants near Newburgh, New York. 

    The four-field crop rotation (turnips, wheat, barley and clover) was popularized by Charles Townshend.

 

1718

    Ichnographia Rustica.    Stephen Switzer (1682-1745).  Includes:  The Nobleman, Gentleman, and Gardeners Recreation (1715). 

 

1723

    A. Van Leeuwenhoek (1632 - 1723).   Dutch botanist.  Analyzed the cellular tissue of wood.

 

1726

    A New System of Agriculture.   By John Laurence. 

 

1727

    Coffee plantations established in Brazil.   [Baker 1978]
        Coffee Specialties   Varieties, information, links, FAQ.

 

1730

    Kew Royal Botanical Gardens designed by William Kent.
   History of American Agriculture - The Colonial Years.  By John Chapman.

 

1731

    The Gardener's Dictionary.   Philip Miller (1691-1771).   Head of Apothecaries Garden, Chelsea.

 

 

Spirituality - Quotes for Gardeners

 

 

1732

    Antony van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1732)   Dutch microscope maker and microscopist. 
    Philip Miller of the Chelsea Physic Garden sends the first cotton seeds to Georgia, USA. 

 

1733

    History of the Dividing Line Betwixt Virginia and North Carolina.     William Byrd II.

 

1735

    Tsukiyama Teizoden (Creating Landscape Gardens).   Kitamura Enkin. 

 

1729

    Guillaume Beaumont (1650-1729)  Created the famous topiary garden at Levens Hall, Cumbria.

 

1736

    Fundamenta Botanica.    Carolus Linnaeus.

 

1737

    Systema Naturae, Critica Botanica, and Genera Plantarum.     Carolus Linnaeus.

 

1741

    Jethro Tull (1674-1741)  English agriculturalist perfeced machine drill for sowing seed; advocated turning the soil around plants to increase productivity. 

 

1743

    The American Philosophical Society organized by Benjamin Franklin and John Bartram.
    Prussian peasants are forced to plant potatoes by Frederick II. 

 

 

 

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1747

    The Natural History of Carolina, Florida, and the Bahama Islands.   Mark Catesby, plant collector.
    Tuileries Garden, France

 

1748

    William Kent (1685-1748).  Garden designer and artist.   Rousham House, Oxforshire and others.
    Painshill Gardens, England.   Created by Charles Hamilton.

 

1749

    Histoire Naturelle, Générale et Particulière.   By Comte de Buffon.

1750

    Philosophia Botanica, and Species Plantarum.     Carolus Linnaeus.  Beginning of scientific nomenclature for plants.
    Story of the Stone.   Cao Xuequin.   A Chinese novel with numerous descriptions of Chinese gardens.
    European Garden History   Presented by Trans Europe Tours.  Tours of famous 15th to 18th century gardens in England, Scotland, Wales, France, Belgium and the Netherlands.  

 

 


Reminder: You can search the Spirit of Gardening website.


Search Tips and Advanced Atomz Searching Techniques for Searching the Spirit of Gardening Website

 

 

 

1753

    Analysis of Beauty.    William Hogarth.
    Vauxhall Public Gardens, London.
    Roses from China begin arriving in Europe.

 

I Welcome Your Comments and Suggestions.

 

 

1757

    A Philosophical Enquiry into the Origin of Our Ideas of the Sublime and Beautiful.    Edmund Burke.
    Agriculture and Food - History - 18th Century Net Links.   By Rick Brainard.

 

 

Green Way Blog by Michael P. Garofalo

 

 

1759

    Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew    The mother of King George III, Augusta, helps establish Kew Gardens on part of her estate.

 

1761

    Stephen Hale (1677 - 1761).   Botanist who studied the movement of sap in plants.

 

1762

    Julie ou La Nouvelle Heloise.    Jean Jacques Rousseau. 

 

 

Fruits and Nuts - Quotes for Gardeners

 

 

1763

    Observations on the Feeling of the Beautiful and the Sublime.    Immanuel Kant.

 

1765

    John Bartram, American plantsman from Pennsylvania, appointed "Botanist to the King."  Mr. Bartram introduced many native plants found in America into cultivation. 

 

1766

    Fisherman's Garden in China. 

 

1767

    Lazzaro Spallanzani (1765-1767) experiments with sterilization.

 

1768

    Essay on Design in Gardening.    W. Mason. 

 

 

Religion - Quotes for Gardeners

 

 

1769

   Every Man His Own Gardener.   Thomas Mawe and John Abercrombie.

 

1770

    Enlightenment views towards science and reason begin to influence gardeners.
    Observations on Modern Gardening.    Thomas Whately.
    Kew Royal Botanical Gardens directed by Joseph Banks.

 

1773

    John Clayton (1685-1773)    English botanist. 
    William Bartram begins plant collecting in eight southern U.S. colonies.

 

1775

Arboretum Americanum, the American Grove, or an Alphabetical Catalogue of Forest Trees Native of the American United States.  By John Bartram. 

 

Gay Gardening - Pennsylvania

1777

    John Bartram (1699-1777)   American plant collector, farmer, and plant hybridizer.  Bartram Gardens

 

1778

    Carolus Linnaeus [Carl von Linne]   (1707-1778)  
        Swedish botanist, educator, and inventor of the modern system of botanical classification and nomenclature.  Information about Linnaeus:  BiographySwedish Museusm of Natural History,   Linne Online.   The many students and colleagues of Linnaeus provided a world-wide network of botanists exchanging scientific information and collected specimens.

 

1780

    The History of the Modern Taste in Gardening.     Horace Walpole.
    Letters From an American Farmer.     Michel-Guillaume St. Jean de Crevecoeur (1735-1813).
    Historie Naturelle.    Georges-Louis Leclerc.    44 volumes.

 

1783

    Lancelot 'Capability' Brown (1716-1783)  Renowned English garden designer and architect. 
    De la Composition des Paysages.    Girardin.
    Botanical garden at Calcutta, India, established.   Kew RBG associate. 

 

 

Quotes for Gardeners

Quotes, Sayings, Proverbs, Poetry, Maxims, Quips, Cliches, Adages, Wisdom
A Collection Growing to Over 2,000 Quotes Arranged by Over 105 Topics
Many of the Documents Include Recommended Readings and Internet Links.
Compiled by Michael P. Garofalo

 

 

1784

    Seeds sold in paper packets by Shakers in New England.

 

1788

    Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon (1707-1788).   French natural scientist. 
    Les Epoques de la Nature.  Georges-Louis Leclerc.   Revised timescales for history of the earth.

 

1789

    First People's Park in Munich, Germany, designed by Ludwig von Skell.
    William Paxton's work on botanical gardens in England.

 

1791

    Horticulture in the New World
    Travels Through North and South Carolina.     William Bartram.

 

1792

    Remarks on Forest Scenery and Other Woodland Views.     William Gilpin.
    Ladies of Langollen garden, Plas Newydd, England, by Eleanor Butler and Sarah Ponsonby.
    The Farmer's Almanac first published by Robert B. Thomas.

 

1793

    Eli Whitney patented the first cotton ginning machine.

 

1794

    Essays on the Picturesque.   Price.
    Zoonomia, or, The Laws of Organic Life.     Erasmus Darwin.

 

1795

    Observations on the Theory and Practice of Landscape Gardening.     Humphry Repton.

    Nicholas Appert, a Frenchman, developed techniques for preserving foods by canning.

 

1797

    Charles Newbold, a blacksmith in Burlington, N.J., introduced the cast-iron moldboard plow.

 

1799

    A British Garden.    Charlotte Murray.
    A Collection of Roses from Nature.    Mary Lawrance.
    George Washington (1732-1799).   President, soldier, farmer (Mt. Vernon), and plant collector.

 

 

 

The History of Gardening Timeline

Noteworthy Gardens, Events, Persons, Publications and Facts in the History of Gardening
Includes Related Information about Agriculture, Farming, Culinary Arts, Botany, Horticulture, Technology, Arts and Crafts

Compiled by Michael P. Garofalo

From Ancient Times to 1600

The Seventeenth Century:  1600 - 1699

The Eighteenth Century:  1701 - 1799

The Nineteenth Century: 1800 - 1899

The Twentieth Century:  1900 - 1999

Reference Sources and Selected Links

 

 

 

 

flow2.gif (27433 bytes)

 

 

 

 

 

More Quotes

for

Gardeners



Trees

Spirituality and Concerns of the Soul

Flowers

Weeds and Weeding

Simplicity and the Simple Life


Pulling Onions
Quips, Maxims and Observations by Michael P. Garofalo

The Essence of Gardening

Working in the Garden

Garden Digest Links

 

Haiku and Zen Poetry  -  Links and References

Cliches for Gardeners and Farmers


The History of Gardening Timeline
From Ancient Times to the 20th Century

Short Poems by Mike Garofalo

Seeing and Vision

Beauty in the Garden


Seasons and Time

Comments about this Web Site

Jokes, Riddles and Humor


 

The Spirit of Gardening

 

 

Quotes for Gardeners

Quotes, Sayings, Proverbs, Poetry, Maxims, Quips, Cliches, Adages, Wisdom
A Collection Growing to Over 2,700 Quotes, Arranged by 130 Topics
Many of the Documents Include Recommended Readings and Internet Links.
Compiled by Michael P. Garofalo

 

 

 



 

 


Copyrighted 1999 - 2002 by Michael P. Garofalo.  
All rights reserved.

 

 

I Welcome Your Comments, Ideas, Contributions, and Suggestions
E-mail Mike Garofalo in Red Bluff, California

 

A Short Biography of Michael P. Garofalo


 

Gardening History Timeline: The Eighteenth Century
31K, Version 4.3.   March 1, 2002
This document was first distributed on the Internet on January 1, 1999.


The Spirit of Gardening

Quotes for Gardeners

Haiku and Zen Poetry

Flowers

Trees

Index to the History of Gardening Timeline